关于@Autowired注入空指针问题的解决

如果对Spring的生命周期掌握的不熟,遇到此类问题那就难办啦!

今天做项目的时候遇到一个问题,需要将线程池的参数抽取到yml文件里进行设置。这不是so easy吗?于是我就写出了下面这样的代码进行抽取

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import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
* @author BestQiang
*/
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "thread-pool")
public class ThreadPool {
private int corePoolSize;
private int maximumPoolSize;
private long keepAliveTime;
private int capacity;

public int getCorePoolSize() {
return corePoolSize;
}

public void setCorePoolSize(int corePoolSize) {
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
}

public int getMaximumPoolSize() {
return maximumPoolSize;
}

public void setMaximumPoolSize(int maximumPoolSize) {
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
}

public long getKeepAliveTime() {
return keepAliveTime;
}

public void setKeepAliveTime(long keepAliveTime) {
this.keepAliveTime = keepAliveTime;
}

public int getCapacity() {
return capacity;
}

public void setCapacity(int capacity) {
this.capacity = capacity;
}
}
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package cn.bestqiang.util;

import cn.bestqiang.pojo.ThreadPool;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

/**
* @author Yaqiang Chen
*/
@Component
public class MyThreadUtils {
@Autowired
ThreadPool threadPool1;

private ExecutorService threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
threadPool1.getCorePoolSize(),
threadPool1.getMaximumPoolSize(),
threadPool1.getKeepAliveTime(),
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<Runnable>(threadPool1.getCapacity()),
namedThreadFactory,
new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()
);

private ThreadFactory namedThreadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setNameFormat("pool-%d").build();


public void execute(Runnable runnable){
threadPool.submit(runnable);
}
}

在yml文件的配置如下:

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thread-pool:
core-pool-size: 5
maximum-pool-size: 20
keep-alive-time: 1
capacity: 1024

本想应该毫无问题,但是,报错了:

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org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'myThreadUtils' defined in fileXXXXXXXXXX(省略)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [cn.itcast.util.MyThreadUtils]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: null

空指针异常?检查好几遍配置没错。因为公司开发环境没法上网,只好拖到下班googel了一下,结合我比较深厚的基础(自恋一下),问题轻松解决:

1568907769222

这就是答案。上面说所有的Spring的@Autowired注解都在构造函数之后,而如果一个对象像下面代码一样声明(private XXX = new XXX() 直接在类中声明)的话,成员变量是在构造函数之前进行初始化的,甚至可以作为构造函数的参数。 即 成员变量初始化 -> Constructor -> @Autowired

所以,在这个时候如果成员变量初始化时调用了利用@Autowired注解初始化的对象时,必然会报空指针异常的啊。

真相大白了。如果解决呢?那就让上面我写的代码的成员变量threadPool在@Autowired之后执行就好了。

要想解决这个问题,首先要知道@Autowired的原理:
AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor 这个类

1568909007648

1568909114572

其实看到这个继承结构,我心中已经有解决办法了。具体详细为什么,等997的工作结束(无奈)我会在后续博客里将Spring的注解配置详细的捋一遍,到时候会讲到Bean的生命周期的。

继承的BeanFactoryAware是在属性赋值完成,执行构造方法后,postProcessBeforeInitialization才执行,而且,是在其他生命周期之前,而@Autowired注解就是依靠这个原理进行的自动注入。想要解决这个问题很简单,就是把要赋值的成员变量放到其他生命周期中就可以。

下面介绍其中两种办法,第一种JSR250的@PostConstruct

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@PostConstruct
public void init() {
// 这里放要执行的赋值
}

第二种是Spring的InitializingBean(定义初始化逻辑) ,继承接口实现方法即可,这种直接放上完整用法

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/**
* @author Yaqiang Chen
*/
@Component
public class MyThreadUtils implements InitializingBean {
@Autowired
ThreadPool threadPool1;

private ExecutorService threadPool;

private ThreadFactory namedThreadFactory = new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
.setNameFormat("pool-%d").build();


public void execute(Runnable runnable){
threadPool.submit(runnable);
}


@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
threadPool1.getCorePoolSize(),
threadPool1.getMaximumPoolSize(),
threadPool1.getKeepAliveTime(),
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingDeque<Runnable>(threadPool1.getCapacity()),
namedThreadFactory,
new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()
);
}
}

设置完成后,问题解决!

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